By Mark Smith 17/01/2025

Under: PPE and Workwear

A Complete Guide to Protective Work Boots: Safety Standards, Features, and Choosing the Right Pair

Protective work boots are essential for maintaining safety in the workplace, as they help reduce the risk of injuries, improve comfort, and meet UK safety regulations. Interestingly, the typical construction worker takes nearly 10,000 steps daily, which is about 5 miles! With such extensive walking, comfort is just as important as safety when choosing the right pair of work boots.

Whether you work in construction, warehousing, or manufacturing, understanding the ins and outs of protective footwear can help you choose the best boots for your work need. This blog will address key questions regarding work boots, covering safety standards, important features, and advice for picking the ideal pair.

Safety standards for work boots: UK, OSHA, and ASTM

All work boots need to meet strict safety standards to ensure they offer proper protection in dangerous settings. These standards can differ slightly from one country to another:

UK safety standards

In the UK, safety footwear must adhere to the EN ISO 20345 standards. This European guideline outlines the necessary criteria for protective boots and shoes.

Important safety ratings include:

• SB: Basic safety toe protection with 200 joules of impact resistance which is equivalent to a 20kg weight dropped 1,020mm onto the toes.
• S1: Includes SB features with additional anti-static protection, heel energy absorption, and a closed back. These work shoes are designed to help eliminate the accumulation of static electricity in the body by directing these charges safely to the ground.
• S2: Incorporates all of the S1 features along with water resistance which means that the boot has been treated with a water-repellent substance. It does not feature a waterproof membrane inside, so it won't be completely waterproof.
• S3: Incorporates all of S2 features along with midsole penetration resistance which is a reinforced component built into the boot's midsole.
• S6: Incorporates all of S2 features and has fully waterproof and water-resistant features (upper material). The footwear therefore provides protection against prolonged exposure to water. The S6 rating was introduced within the EN ISO 20345:2022 safety standard.
• S7: Includes all of the above features included in SB to S6 and ranks at the top of the safety boot slip resistance rating system. This indicates that these boots offer superior slip resistance on slick surfaces like wet floors, oil, and other comparable areas. The S7 rating was introduced within the EN ISO 20345:2022 safety standard. 

Understanding additional European symbols for footwear

Alongside the main EN symbols, there are extra symbols that convey important details about the features and characteristics of safety footwear.

Here are some frequently seen symbols for safety footwear:

• E: Signifies that the footwear meets standards for energy absorption in the heel area.
• A: Represents antistatic footwear.
• M: Indicates metatarsal protection.
• P: Denotes penetration resistance in the outsole.
• WR: Means the entire shoe is waterproof.
• HI: Indicates that the footwear offers insulation against heat.
• CI: Signifies insulation against cold.
• FO: Represents resistance to oil and petrol.
• WRU: Shows that the upper material is water-resistant.
• HRO: Indicates heat resistance in the outsole.
• SRC: Confirms that the footwear meets the highest slip resistance standards on both ceramic and steel surfaces.

OSHA standards (USA)

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) requires the use of protective footwear as outlined in 29 CFR 1910.136. 

Employees are obligated to wear safety boots when there is a potential danger from falling objects, rolling machinery, sharp tools, or electrical risks.

ASTM standards

In the United States, protective footwear is required to meet ASTM F2413 standards, which guarantee that safety toes are capable of withstanding both impact and compression.

ASTM-approved boots may also include:

• EH: Electrical hazard protection.
• SD: Static dissipation for sensitive environments.
• PR: Puncture resistance.

When and where should protective footwear be mandatory? 

In industries where workers encounter physical dangers, wearing protective footwear is essential. Important settings include, but are not limited to:

• Construction sites: Risks from falling objects, sharp debris, and heavy machinery.
• Manufacturing: Hazards from spills, heavy items, and slipping.
• Warehousing and logistics: Dangers posed by forklifts, heavy loads, and pallet jacks.
• Oil and gas: Challenges from slippery surfaces, extreme temperatures, and puncture threats.
• Electrical work: Risks of coming into contact with live wires.
• Landscaping and agriculture: Hazards from sharp tools, muddy conditions, and falling objects.

Employers must evaluate workplace risks and ensure that employees are equipped with the right protective footwear.

What type of work boots should be worn in different jobs and industries?

Different jobs and sectors have unique requirements for work boots. For those in construction, it's advisable to choose a steel-toe or composite-toe boot that includes midsole puncture protection (UK S3-rated).

Warehouse employees might find a lightweight composite-toe boot with anti-slip soles to be adequate for their needs.

Electricians should opt for EH-rated boots to safeguard against various electrical hazards encountered daily.

In landscaping and agriculture, waterproof boots with excellent ankle support and mud-resistant soles would be beneficial.

If you often work outdoors in cold weather, thermal or insulated boots are essential for keeping warm.

For professionals in the oil and gas industry, it's best to wear boots that are oil-resistant, slip-resistant, and heat-resistant.

Work boot features for all-day comfort

When you're on your feet for long hours or working in tough conditions, having comfortable boots is just as important as ensuring your safety. Here are some extra features to consider when choosing the right pair of boots:

• Cushioned insoles: Help minimise impact and reduce foot fatigue.
• Shock-absorbing midsoles: Offer enhanced arch support.
• Breathable materials: Keep your feet dry and free from odours.
• Ergonomic designs: Fit the natural shape of your feet for added comfort.
• Lightweight materials: Use composite toes or innovative materials to lower weight while maintaining protection.
• Anti-fatigue technology: Includes padded collars and ankle support to boost comfort throughout the day.

Should work boots be tight or loose?

Work boots need to be snug but not overly tight. You should have enough space to move your toes comfortably, and there shouldn't be any slipping at the heel or pinching at the front of the foot.

For the best fit, it’s a good idea to try your boots on with the same pair of socks you plan to wear at work. A properly fitting boot enhances safety, minimises fatigue, and helps avoid blisters, benefiting all workers.

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Tips for choosing the right work boot

When selecting work boots for your employees or yourself, it’s a good idea to consider the work environment where these boots will be worn. If work takes place in an environment where workers are exposed to hazards such as heavy loads, chemical spills, or electrical risks, you need to ensure that you are selecting boots that protect workers from these dangers. 

When choosing the right footwear, safety ratings play an important role. Make sure to verify that the UK safety standards, such as EN ISO 20345, are authentic and meet compliance requirements. It's best to avoid buying cheaper knock-offs from non-European countries.

It's essential to prioritize both fit and comfort. Make sure to try on your boots with the work socks and insoles you'll be using for the best fit. Additionally, choosing sturdy footwear is wise. Opt for high-quality materials such as full-grain leather and reinforced stitching for added durability. If working outside, waterproof or insulated boots are a must.

Best work boot features for men and women

Many work boots are designed to be unisex, but there are some differences that cater to each gender. Men's boots usually come in larger sizes, offer wide-width choices, and have more robust designs. 

In contrast, women's boots typically feature narrower fits, are crafted from lighter materials, and include ergonomic designs that accommodate smaller feet.

Are steel-toe boots uncomfortable?

Steel-toe boots are comfortable when they fit properly. Today's steel-toe boots often come with cushioned insoles, shock-absorbing elements, and ergonomic designs that help avoid pinching or pressure on the toes. If you're worried about comfort, you might also consider composite-toe boots, which are lighter and still provide a high level of safety for work.

Are composite work boots as safe as steel toe-capped boots?

Composite-toe boots adhere to the same safety standards (EN ISO 20345) as their steel-toe counterparts. They are lighter, which helps minimize foot fatigue. Being non-metallic, they are perfect for electrical jobs or security settings, and their temperature-neutral properties offer improved insulation in both hot and cold conditions.

While steel-toe boots are stronger in extreme conditions, composite-toe boots provide ample protection for most workplaces.

Should I wear thermal boots when working outside in winter?

Yes, thermal or insulated boots are essential for outdoor work in winter. Features to look for include:

• Insulation between 200g to 1000g insulation depending on the condition you will be working in.
• Waterproofing to prevent cold and dampness.
• Thermal linings manufactured from materials like Thinsulate to retain body heat.
• Slip-resistant soles to prevent falls on ice or snow.

Protective work boots play a crucial role in ensuring safety, comfort, and adherence to regulations in various industries. Knowing the safety standards, selecting the appropriate features, and achieving a proper fit can significantly enhance your safety and comfort during the workday. Whether you choose steel-toe boots, composite options, or insulated styles for colder conditions, the right footwear will help you stay safe and efficient on the job.